Ecological context is essential for interpreting fire-ash impacts in grasslands
The slow pace of forest expansion over grasslands may be mediated by belowground biotic interactions
Plant species diversity is shaped by fire regime and environmental factors
Both invasive non-native species are shade-tolerant, allowing them to germinate in the forest undergrowth.
Community composition differed among shrub species and open sites, as well as across different shrubs.
Fruit and seed morphology of Crinodendron brasiliensis
We concluded that S. × rubens is invading riparian ecosystems and thus must be acknowledged as an invasive species in Brazil.
Traditional management maintains subtropical highland grasslands in southern Brazil